This is a short, but good one. Social Patterns blog has a post that appears to logically detail how Google determines whether or not to give a site extra "snippet" links in the SERPs.

Summary:
Google snippet links are most likely determined by traffic patterns. Since Google does not allow access to toolbar traffic data, there is no way to know for sure. Many site’s snippet links closely resemble Alexa traffic stats.

Worth a read - great detective work, Michael!